Lesson Title: 
César E. Chávez and the Economics of the Boycott

Grade Level
Grade One Lesson 1

Unit of Study:
A Child’s Place in Time and Space

History-Social Science Standard:
1.6   Students understand basic economic concepts and the role of individual choice in a free-market economy.

Correlation to K-8 California Adopted Textbooks: 
Harcourt Brace.  A Child’s Place.  Unit 3: Living in a Community.
McGraw-Hill: My World.  Unit 3: People at Work.  Lessons 1 and 2.

Setting the Context:
There is a cycle involved in a free-market economy.  Each part of the cycle affects the next part of the cycle in either a positive or negative manner.  Any action at any point of the cycle can result in a different outcome. 

We as individuals have a choice to use our “power of choice” to make change in the free-market cycle.  César and his leadership team chose to use boycotting as a form of nonviolent protest to change the cycle.  César 's use of the boycott allowed the farm workers to take their struggles from the fields where the growers have always won to the public consumers in the cities.  The boycott allowed César the opportunity to take the struggle to the American people. 

The boycott posters used by Chávez and his supporters carried the message in simple and clear terms that the average person could easily understand.  Boycott posters can send a nonviolent message of change.

César taught us about nonviolence. 

Focus Question: 
How can posters be tools of nonviolent change in a free-market economy?  How can imagery invoke feelings that can change the cycle of a free-market economy?

Expected Learning Outcomes:
Students will be able to explain how a nonviolent action can cause change in the cycle of a free-market economy.  Students will be able to create imagery that conveys a nonviolent message of change.

Assessment:
Students will create a poster that they feel conveys a nonviolent message of change.  The teacher will assess each poster to see if students understand the main concepts.  The teacher also looks to see that the student uses images and words that help the viewer understand the reason to boycott products such as grapes, strawberries, or lettuce. 

Key Concepts: 
In life, there are many choices.  Students can choose ways to solve problems nonviolently.  Images (pictures) often show strong feelings.

Essential Vocabulary: 
nonviolence 
La Causa
union
boycott
imagery
poster
symbol  

Primary Sources: 
Photos of team workers boycotting with signs.  Click to the search engine on the Chávez CDE site for photos.  A book on the life of Chávez.

Visuals:
Collection of photos showing boycott posters used by Chávez and others.  (See above).

Procedures

Motivation:
Read from the K-2 biography that tells of the boycotts that Chávez organized.  Teacher leads a class discussion on why César would start a boycott.  Teacher leads the discussion about the posters that the people have and what impact they may have.

Making Connections:
Show pictures of people involved in boycotts.  Ask students if they have ever seen people with signs like those in the pictures.  Ask students about where they might have seen such boycotts.  Discuss several of the boycotts of produce that César led.  Create a class list of why they think he would have conducted these boycotts.  What did he expect to gain?  The teacher leads list to include the idea that some farm workers were not treated fairly and that people needed to know how they could make a positive change.
.
Vocabulary Activities:
1)	Teacher holds up vocabulary cards and talks about what each word means.  They then place them on the board under the title “Word Bank”.
2)	Teacher creates a close-activity story using the vocabulary words.  This is a story that has blanks where the vocabulary words should be.  Students fill in the blanks with the vocabulary words to complete the story.  Students have their own copy and the teacher has a copy on the overhead or students go to a computer that has the activity on it.  Students work on their own, in pairs, or in small groups.  The class comes together when done to go over the story.

Guided Instruction:
Have students close their eyes.  Ask them to pretend that they are a part of the team that works with Chávez to help people gain dignity and respect.  Describe the conditions that farm workers live in.  Tell of how the farm workers are promised money to pick the strawberries but never get the money.  Explain to the students that they are going to simulate a boycott of strawberries as a nonviolent means of change.  Relate that it is going to be their job to create a boycott sign to use.  The sign will help explain to people that they should not buy strawberries because the farm workers are not treated fairly. 

Explain how a boycott works, especially about how if the people stop buying the strawberries it will cause the stores to have too many strawberries on the shelves, stores will not need to buy more strawberries, farm owners will begin to lose money because they will not be able to sell their strawberries, the farm owners will see the need to change their ways and start treating the workers fairly.  Once this occurs the boycott will be stopped and people will buy the berries again and the owners will get more money.  One of the most important things to remember is that the public, the American people will have be convinced that the boycott is justified and they will need to support the boycott by not buying the products being identified.  If the public does not support the boycott the boycott will fail.  César E. Chávez was an expert in explaining to people the need for a boycott.

You may choose to have students work individually, in pairs or in groups for this lesson.  Pass out large sheets of construction paper.  Allows some time for students to think about what their poster is going to look like.  Ask students if they can describe what they might have on their poster.  Create a list of these ideas.  This list will help students who may be having difficulty on what to do.  Provide students with an art supply of choice such as crayons, paints, colored pens, cut colored paper and paste.  Give students ample time to work on posters.

When finished hang posters around the room and conduct a gallery walk.  Students walk around in small groups to look at all of the posters.  Students gather back together to give positive feedback about the posters such as “I liked Stacey’s because the strawberry is big and I know not to buy them because it is crossed out.”